◎
Joseph Nye博士 (
哈佛大學前院長 , 前助理國防部長 &
a deputy assistant 國務卿
) 於Dec. 8, 2010訪台時明述
:「只要台灣堅持民主人權，美國就不會出賣台灣」。(“The answer is as long as Taiwan stands for democracy and human rights,
that will be impossible ( the Americans make a deal and sell out Taiwan for
something that they want from China) in American political culture.”)
★
United Daily, editorial,
2022-6-5: 民進黨，全面執政後，卻一再留下踐踏人權的紀錄，不管是對人民言論自由的壓制，或以國安之名對人身自由的限制，手段較之他們指責的威權時期毫不遜色。
udn.com/news/story/7338/6364498?from=udn-catehotnews_ch2
★ justsecurity.org,
Focus Taiwan, Taipei Times, etc, 2022-5-13:
Invited by Taiwan's government, an international human rights
experts panel conducted a five-day review from May 9-13 in Taipei of the
country's implementation of two United Nations' human rights-related covenants,
namely the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).
nfreedom
of speech and of peaceful protest continues to be unduly restricted.
台灣人言論自由和和平抗爭的自由繼續受到不當限;
政府依社會秩序維護法「散布足以影響公共安寧的謠言」罪名進行大量起訴和定罪，對一系列人權造成了侵犯。
n專家小組(來自奧地利、加拿大、丹麥、德國、印度尼西亞、馬來西亞、新西蘭、韓國和菲律賓)呼籲台灣結束“殘忍、不人道和有辱人格”的死刑，其違反了《公民權利和政治權利國際公約》第六條和第七條，台灣政府一再重複的論點遠不能令人信服，專家”對台灣政府未能解決這一問題感到“極度失望”。
n
“政府提供的信息清楚地表明，台灣有很多針對執法人員的酷刑指控，”這些案件只導致了紀律處分，而不是刑事起訴。台灣尚未將酷刑——即為國際法所定義的特定目的對無權無勢者造成嚴重的精神或身體痛苦的罪行——納入其刑法典。台灣缺乏立法來遏制酷刑和歧視。The
panel's report also highlighted the absence of legislation to curb torture and
discrimination in Taiwan. “The information
provided by the government clearly shows that there are many allegations of
torture against law enforcement officials in Taiwan,” the report said, adding
that those cases only led to disciplinary action instead of criminal
prosecution. The nation has
yet to make incorporate torture — the crime of inflicting severe mental or
physical pain or suffering on a powerless person for a particular purpose as
defined in international law — into its Criminal Code
n專家小組批評政府在死刑、酷刑、性別平等、更廣泛的歧視形式、原住民地位和移民家庭傭工的權利等問題上的記錄（尤其是鑑於
COVID-19 大流行後護理人員的負擔加重）The human rights panel
experts are critiquing Taiwan's record on issues such
as the death penalty, torture, gender equality, broader forms of discrimination,
the status of indigenous peoples, and the rights of migrant domestic workers
(especially given the greater burdens on caregivers in the wake of the COVID-19
pandemic).
n國際審查委員會的結論性意見和建議強調了台灣通過增加三項公約——《禁止酷刑公約》、《移徙工人公約》和《強迫失踪公約》;重申，需要在台灣刑法中明確禁止酷刑;
敦促台灣發表聲明（根據《羅馬規約》第十二條），承認國際刑事法院的管轄權 The Concluding
Observations and Recommendations of the
international review committee underlined the importance of Taiwan completing
its process of incorporating key norms into its domestic law, by adding the
three conventions – the Convention Against Torture, the Convention on Migrant
Workers, and the Convention on Enforced Disappearances. The committee also
reiterated the need to explicitly prohibit torture in Taiwan’s criminal code.
The review committee also
urged Taiwan to issue a declaration (pursuant to Article 12 of the Rome Statute)
recognizing the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court.
n保護原住民權利未能實現
★ US Country Reports on Human
Rights Practices
released at 2022-4-12
(state.gov/reports/2021-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/taiwan/):
♣
工作權Worker Rights
n大型企業經常通過將工會組織者列入晉升黑名單或將其轉移到其他工作部門等方式，使員工難以組織企業工會。這些方法在技術領域尤為常見。
nThere
was reported discrimination, including employment discrimination, against
persons with HIV or AIDS
♣
童妓Child prostitutes
n2005-20
年官方統計數據的分析顯示，男性兒童遭受性剝削的受害人數正在增加，原住民的男女未成年人的比例高於其他族裔群體。
n有未成年人賣淫的報導，
台灣高等檢察署稱，2018 年、2019 年和 2020
年兒童性剝削案件增加，分別起訴了 1,060 件、1,211 件和 1,691 件。
n非政府組織對網路online對兒童進行性剝削表示擔憂，報告稱性犯罪者越來越多地使用手機、網路攝像頭、直播、應用程序和其他新技術來欺騙和脅迫未成年女男孩進行性活動；非政府組織呼籲增加起訴和加重處罰。
♣ 貪汙貪腐Corruption
n
2020總統大選與立委選舉中兩個主要政黨的候選人和支持者都有買票行為。
n
截至 5 月的一年中，有 13 名高級官員、79 名中級官員、93 名低級官員和 18 名民選官員因貪腐被起訴。
n
司法部和司法院將前司法部長、前檢察長等6名官員移送監察院偵查，包括最高行政法院法官和檢察長。司法院將六名前任法官移送監察院調查非刑事犯罪行為。司法部調查了與同一商人有類似行為的其他
77 名現任和前任司法和執法官員。
n
司法部調查局的一名高級調查員因涉嫌在過去八年的執法調查中從銷售價值超過 1.68 億新台幣（560
萬美元）的毒品中獲利而被起訴貪腐。屏東市長及議會議長因與私人承包商勾結，挪用新台幣240萬新台幣（合8萬美元）公款。
♣ 言論自由Freedom
of speech
nCTi
News(中天) 被迫停播。反對黨政客和一些學者和評論員聲稱，這一決定是出於政治動機報復 CTi News 對執政黨的批評.
n
台灣記者面臨網路霸凌及訴訟威脅，特別是現行誹謗法下，受媒體負面報導的當事人，得以對記者本人與所屬媒體單位提出妨害名譽訴訟。台灣記者指出，要刊登批評中共的新聞有困難，因為北京施壓在中國做生意的台灣企業
n最高法院駁回了李家瑜的上訴，他在
2020 年被判煽動個人焚燒中華民國國旗。
♣
Foreign laborers
n一些經紀人向移工收取高昂的仲介費，並利用這些在來源國產生的債務作為脅迫工具，使工人遭受奴役。
n移工漁民舉報投訴了高級船員的虐待行為，包括毆打、扣留食物和水、扣留身份證件、扣工資以及非合同強制分攤船舶運營成本。這些濫權行為在台灣的大型遠洋捕魚船隊中尤為普遍，船隊在沒有充分監督的情況下營運...外國漁民普遍承受虐待和惡劣的工作條件。儘管有熱線電話和當局的記錄，外勞往往不願舉報雇主的虐待行為，因為擔心雇主會終止合同，從而可能導致驅逐出境，無法償還債務。
n由於過高的經紀費、保證金以及較高的航班和住宿費用，外籍工人在招聘過程中普遍面臨剝削和沈重的債務負擔。經紀機構經常要求工人在該國的台灣銀行分行以高利率獲得“培訓”和其他費用的貸款，使他們容易受到債務束縛。遠洋捕撈船隊中的外國漁工的工資普遍低於規定的最低工資。
n估計，超過
53,000
名外勞與合法雇主失去聯繫，並可能在台灣其他地方繼續非法工作。研究表明，此類無證移工集中在家庭工作和製造業。非政府組織報告說，一些合法僱用為家庭傭工的移工實際上是在家庭以外非正規就業，主要是在食品、飲料和零售行業的小型家族企業中，他們沒有適當的保護。
★
Amnesty International, June, 2021
amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/English.pdf
amnesty.org/en/location/asia-and-the-pacific/east-asia/taiwan/report-taiwan/
大規模監視
台灣政府推出了一系列旨在防止 COVID-19
傳播的措施，其中一些措施威脅到隱私權。政府建立了大規模監控的數字框架和連接的政府數據庫，例如旅行和健康保險記錄，以進行跟踪和追查。超過 35
個台灣政府部門能夠通過這個平台持續監測人們的行動和其他活動，包括購買外科口罩。政府提供的平台使用細節很少，也沒有具體說明數據收集措施何時結束。台灣《監獄法》的修訂導致
7 月份對《死刑執行條例》進行了修改。修訂後的條例仍然允許對有社會心理或智力障礙的人判處死刑。當局在這一年中在廢除死刑方面沒有取得任何進展，台灣繼續執行死刑。The
government took several measures to control the spread of the COVID-19 virus,
some of which threatened the right to privacy. Amendments to the Prison Act
failed to address concerns about rights of people on death row with psychosocial
or intellectual disabilities. In August, a National Human Rights Commission was
established. In October, the International Review Committee received reports
from international organizations ahead of its review of Taiwan’s implementation
of the ICCPR and the ICESCR.
●
Mass surveillance / In January, the
government introduced a series of measures aimed at preventing the spread of
COVID-19, some of which threatened the right to privacy. The government
established a digital framework of mass surveillance and connected government
databases, such as travel and health insurance records, for the purposes of
tracking and tracing. Over 35 government departments were able to constantly
monitor people’s movement and other activities, including the purchase of
surgical masks, through this platform. The government provided few details about
its use of the platform, nor specified when the data collection measures would
end.
● Death penalty /
Amendments to the Prison Act in January resulted in changes to
the Regulations for the Execution of the Death Penalty in July. The amended
regulations still allowed death sentences for individuals with psychosocial or
intellectual disabilities.2 The
authorities made no progress towards abolition during the year and continued to
carry out executions
★
USA
Country Reports on Human Rights
practices, 2021-3-30: 貪污
嚴重、濫權虐待
Members of the security forces committed some abuses. Significant human
rights issues included: the existence of criminal libel laws and serious acts of
corruption.
◎◎● there were allegations of vote buying by
candidates and supporters of both major political parties (KMT and DPP) in
Presidential election.有指控兩個主要政黨的候選人和支持者在總統大選中都有買票行為。There
were reports of official corruption during the year. In the year to May, nine
high-ranking officials, 59 mid-level, 75 low-level, and 18 elected people’s
deputies had been indicted for corruption.
在這一年中，有官方貪污腐敗的報導。截至5月的一年中，已起訴9名高級官員，59名中級官員，75名低級官員和18名民選代表。
◎◎●
Although the law allows for the delineation of government-owned traditional
indigenous territories, some indigenous rights advocates argued a large amount
of indigenous land was seized and privatized decades ago, depriving indigenous
communities of the right to participate in the development of these traditional
territories.幾十年前，大量的原住民土地被沒收，剝奪了原民社區參與這些傳統領土發展的權利。
◎◎● The right to strike remained
highly restricted. Teachers, civil servants, and defense industry employees do
not have the right to strike. Workers in industries such as utilities, hospital
services, and telecommunication service providers are allowed to strike only if
they maintain basic services during the strike. Authorities may prohibit, limit,
or break up a strike during a disaster. Workers are allowed to strike only in
“adjustment” disputes which include issues such as compensation and working
schedules. The law forbids strikes related to rights guaranteed under the law.罷工權仍然受到嚴格限制。教師，公務員和國防工業僱員無權罷工。公用事業，醫院和電信服務提供商等行業的員工只有在能夠維護基本服務時才被允許罷工。當局得在災難期間禁止，限制罷工。只允許工人在“調整”糾紛中罷工，其中包括諸如薪酬和工作時間表之類的問題。法律禁止因法律所保障的權利而罷工。
◎◎●
法官與檢察官處理high
profile政治敏感案件的公正遭到學者與政治評論的公開質疑
◎◎●
NGOs and academic studies estimated the total number of sexual assaults was
seven to 10 times higher than the number reported to police. Some abused women
chose not to report incidents to police due to social pressure not to disgrace
their families.
Incidents of sexual harassment were reportedly on the rise in public spaces,
schools, the legislature, and in government agencies.
The majority of sex discrimination cases reported in 2019 were forced
resignations due to pregnancies. Scholars said sex discrimination remained
significantly underreported due to workers’ fear of retaliation from employers
and difficulties in finding new employment if the worker has a history of making
complaints. According to a 2018 survey by the Ministry of Finance, the median
monthly income for women was, on average, 87.5 percent of the amount their male
counterparts earned.性侵受害者的總人數比向警察報告的總數高出七到十倍。性騷擾事件在公共場所，學校，立法機關和政府機構中呈上升趨勢。2019年報告的大多數性別歧視案件都是由於懷孕而被迫辭職的。學者表示，由於職員或工人擔心遭到雇主的報復以及如果有過投訴的歷史，很難找到新的工作，因此性別歧視的報導仍然嚴重不足。根據財政部2018年的一項調查，女性平均月收入中位數平均是男性收入的87.5％。There
was reported discrimination, including employment discrimination, against
persons with HIV or AIDS.
◎◎● NGOs raised concerns
regarding online sexual exploitation of children and reported sex offenders
increasingly used cell phones, web cameras, live streaming, apps, and other new
technologies to deceive and coerce underage girls and boys into sexual activity;
the NGOs called for increased prosecutions and heavier penalties
報導指出台灣有未成年賣淫的情況。非政府組織對對兒童的online性剝削表示關注，據報導，性犯罪者越來越多使用手機、網路攝影機、
live streaming、apps,
和其他新技術來欺騙和強迫未成年兒童進行性行為；非政府組織呼籲應增加起訴人數並加重刑罰。
◎◎● Censorship
or Content Restrictions: Officials in the People’s Republic of China (PRC)
influenced Taiwan media outlets through pressure on the business interests of
their parent companies in the PRC. Taiwan journalists reported difficulty
publishing content critical of the PRC, alleging that PRC authorities had
pressured Taiwan businesses with operations in China to refrain from advertising
with Taiwan media outlets which published such material. To punish Taiwan media
outlets deemed too critical of PRC policies or actions, the PRC would subject
their journalists to heightened scrutiny at Chinese ports of entry or deny them
entry to China. PRC actors also targeted the computers and mobile phones of
Taiwan journalists for cyberattacks.
Opposition politicians and some media outlets criticized these provisions (a new
law criminalized receiving direction or funding from prohibited Chinese sources
to conduct political activities) as overly broad and potentially detrimental to
freedom of expression, including for the press.
Opposition politicians and some academics and commentators claimed NCC’s
decision not to renew the license was politically motivated retaliation for CTi
News’ criticism of the ruling party.
美國指大陸透過媒體母公司企圖影響報導走向，中共審查台灣媒體，限制其進入大陸，並對新聞媒體從業人員的手機和電腦發起網路攻擊
，大陸施壓台媒母公司在大陸的商業利益，試圖影響台灣媒體的報導方向，也會試圖壓下批判大陸的報導；過於批判中共政策或行動者赴陸採訪會受到嚴格審查、或被拒絕入境。中天撤照事件，在台灣內部引起爭議，反對派以及一些學者和評論專家聲稱，稱這是報復中天批判執政黨的政治決定，支持者控中天受中共指揮。一項新法律將接受來自中國大陸來源的指示或資金以進行政治活動定為犯罪
反對派和一些媒體批評這些規定過於寬泛，並有可能損害言論自由。
◎◎●
強迫勞動主要發生在依賴移工的部門，包括家庭服務項目、漁業、農業、製造業、肉類加工和建築業。一些經紀人向外國工人收取高昂的招工費，並利用這些在來源國產生的債務當作強制手段，使工人遭受債務束縛。
漁業移工報告指出，漁船高級幹部採取強制手段，例如對人身的暴力威脅、毆打、扣留食物和水、身分證明文件、扣減工資以及以非合同形式強制分擔船隻運營成本。這些濫權行為在台灣的大型遠洋捕魚船隊中尤其普遍，該船隊在沒有適當監督的情況下運作。外國工人常常不願舉報雇主的虐待行為，因為擔心雇主會終止其合同，他們因此可能被驅逐出境，從而無法繼續工作，以還清債務。非政府組織報告說，台灣的遠洋捕魚船隊的外籍船員的工資普遍低於每月所需的450美元，這是由於行政費用和押金的可疑扣除。估計有24％的外籍漁工遭受了對身體的暴力虐待；
92％被非法扣發工資； 82％的員工加班時間過多。還有報告說，捕魚船員可能面臨飢餓和脫水，禁止離開船隻或終止僱用合約。
○
★
Global Times (globaltimes.cn/content/1209528.shtml), 12-9-2020:
台灣迫害大陸人及傾向統一之活躍人物
Taiwan authority ‘persecutes mainlanders,
pro-reunification activists'
by 'Political persecution, framing charge' .
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